Hemorrhoids (Piles): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in the anal canal and rectum. They are a very common anorectal condition and can affect people of all ages. Although uncomfortable and sometimes painful, hemorrhoids are not dangerous and are usually treatable with lifestyle changes and medical care.
Veins in the anal region normally help with continence.
When pressure in these veins increases, they become enlarged and inflamed, leading to hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoids develop due to increased pressure in the rectal veins.
Straining during bowel movements
Prolonged sitting on the toilet
Increased pelvic pressure
Increased abdominal pressure
Increased intra-abdominal pressure
Weakening of supporting tissues
Located inside rectum; usually painless
Located under skin around anus; painful
Internal piles protruding outside
External hemorrhoids with blood clot
Painless bright red bleeding during defecation
Blood on toilet paper or stool
Prolapse in advanced stages
Pain or discomfort around anus
Swelling or lump near anal opening
Severe pain with swelling
Black stools (rule out other causes)
Fever with anal pain (possible infection)
Grading of Internal Hemorrhoids
Prolapse during defecation, reduces spontaneously
Prolapse requiring manual reduction
Diagnosis is usually clinical.
Digital rectal examination
Colonoscopy (if red-flag symptoms or age > 50)
1️⃣ Conservative (First Line)
Most early hemorrhoids improve with lifestyle measures.
High-fiber diet (25–35 g/day)
Adequate water intake (2–3 liters/day)
Topical creams and suppositories
3.Anti-inflammatory ointments
Prolonged use of steroid creams should be avoided.
Used for persistent or advanced hemorrhoids.
5.Stapled hemorrhoidopexy
Complications if Untreated
Chronic bleeding → anemia
Maintain regular bowel habits
Do not ignore urge to defecate
Avoid prolonged sitting on toilet
Increase fiber and water intake
Maintain healthy body weight
Recurrent or heavy rectal bleeding
Symptoms not improving with home care
Disclaimer:
The information provided on this website is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified physician or other licensed healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Do not ignore or delay seeking medical advice because of information you read on this website. The use of any information provided here is solely at your own risk.